Становлення і функціонування органів української влади на Коломийщині періоду ЗУНР (1918–1919)

Abstract

У статті розглянуто форми активізації національного руху на Коломийщині напередодні розпаду Австро-Угорської імперії і початку української революції на західноукраїнських землях. Охарактеризовано формування осередків української влади у краї під час Листопадового зриву 1918 р., особливості законодавчого забезпечення процесу формування та діяльності місцевих органів влади й управління, правоохоронних органів, збройних сил, судової системи, висвітлено суспільно-політичні процеси на Коломийщині, проаналізовано кроки влади щодо вирішення земельного питання. The forms of revitalization of the national movement on the territory of Kolomiia are examined on the eve of the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Having being under the influence of national state Dnieper Ukraine, Kolomiia residents actively participating in the political struggle for statehood of western Ukrainians. On the eve of the November Revolution of 1918, on the Western territories in the province were popular rallies in honor of the proclamation of independence of the UPR, the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, the supportness of the idea of uniting with Dnieper Ukraine. Almost without armed struggle Ukrainian authoritity was proclaimed in Kolomiia and other towns and villages of the region. Adhering to official standards legislation of ZUNR, on the territory of Kolomiyschina operated Ukrainian authorities. Activity was observed District National Council in Kolomiia. In her sessions addressed the catholicity of Ukraine, national economic and social and political character in the province. In the party-political sphere province’s population supported the radicals. In URP released the opposition to official guidance «Peasant-radical party» (Pokutska group) K. Trylovskiy that through restored in Kolomiia newspaper «Public Voice» and conference on February 5, 1919 declared itself a general forum, following the ideas of M. Drahomanov, M. Pavlik and I. Franko. In the province through publication in Kolomiia newspaper manifestos and proclamations were many supporters of based Peasant and labor union – a kind of forerunner of the Communist Party of Eastern Galicia. Much weaker on the territory of Kolomiia were positions of Ukrainian People’s Labour Party. The formation and activities of local law enforcement agencies and the armed forces was provided. After the adoption in November, 1918 by central government of ZUNR two important resolutions about the establishment of the gendarmerie and the regular army in Kolomiyschina clearly fulfilled orders of mobilization nature. In the terms of Ukrainian-Polish to the front was sent the 24th Infantry Regiment named after Hetman Petro Doroshenko and 36th Infantry Regiment named after Hetman Ivan Mazepa. The set to Ukrainian troops also carried out the general officers Ukrainian Sich Union. From the first days of the war Pokuttya residents actively helped soldiers of UGA, passed all required for the front. Discussed and translated into a number of national economic life character especially worried countryman resolve the land issue. Kolomiia residents in early 1919 contributed to the consideration of Agrarian Reform, which was considered socially directed and had to help poor farmers to survive in severe devastation, unemployment, hunger and poverty. In folk meetings, gatherings of peasants, especially worried about two issues: implementation of the spring sowing campaign and the proper distribution of land between richer and poorer citizens. For more effective company there were set Ukrainian national county councils established land departments (committees). There were food county council, who controlled the flow of food into the territory Pokuttya. Food aid also came from Dnieper Ukraine. The support of local populations Act association Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in one state at the beginning of 1919 was shown. In the towns and villages of Kolomiia thousands of rallies were passed. The practical steps of Kolomiia branch of Directory Information Bureau UNR, which became a vivid example of promoting collegiality of Ukrainian lands.